RC PASSAGE
The global transition to renewable energy sources has gained considerable momentum in recent years. Countries are increasingly investing in solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Solar power, for instance, has seen remarkable growth, with major investments in photovoltaic technology that converts sunlight into electricity. Wind energy, too, has expanded, especially in regions with favorable weather patterns, such as coastal areas. These renewable sources are lauded for their potential to provide sustainable, low-emission energy. However, the shift isn’t without challenges. The production of solar panels and wind turbines requires substantial amounts of raw materials, like silicon and rare earth metals, whose extraction can have environmental consequences. Additionally, storing energy generated by renewable sources remains a technological hurdle, as battery storage options are limited and costly.
One significant advantage of renewable energy is its ability to create jobs in new sectors. The installation and maintenance of solar panels and wind farms provide employment opportunities, potentially revitalizing local economies. However, critics point out that this shift may result in job losses in traditional energy sectors, such as coal and oil industries, affecting communities that rely on these jobs. Thus, the transition to renewable energy needs to be managed carefully to address social and economic impacts alongside environmental benefits.
Ultimately, while renewable energy offers a promising path toward sustainability, it requires a balanced approach. Policymakers must consider both environmental goals and the needs of affected communities. Investing in research to make renewable technology more efficient and in job-training programs for displaced workers could be key steps toward achieving an equitable energy future.
1.What is one primary benefit of renewable energy highlighted in the passage?
(A) Reduced reliance on coastal areas.
(B) Creation of job opportunities in new sectors.
(C) A decrease in the use of rare earth metals.
(D) Increased demand for fossil fuels.
2. Which of the following challenges is associated with renewable energy?
(A) Difficulty in finding areas for wind farms.
(B) Limited and costly energy storage options.
(C) Reduced need for job-training programs.
(D) Dependence on coastal economies.
3. How do critics view the impact of renewable energy on traditional energy sectors?
(A) They see it as beneficial for the coal industry.
(B) They believe it leads to job losses in coal and oil sectors.
(C) They argue it increases demand for fossil fuel jobs.
(D) They feel it lacks potential for economic growth.
4. What does the author suggest as a solution to address the impacts of the renewable energy shift?
(A) Establishing new coal mining operations.
(B) Expanding fossil fuel use.
(C) Focusing on technological and job-training investments.
(D) Decreasing investment in photovoltaic technology.
5. Which of the following best captures the author’s perspective on renewable energy?
(A) It should be adopted regardless of social impact.
(B) It’s promising but requires consideration of its broader impact.
(C) It’s unsustainable and not economically viable.
(D) It offers no significant advantages over fossil fuels.
Social media has transformed the way people communicate and share information, but its impact on mental health is increasingly scrutinized. Platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook allow users to connect instantly, fostering a sense of community and enabling information sharing. However, research has shown that extensive social media use can be linked to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Psychologists suggest that constantly comparing oneself to others’ idealized portrayals on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy. This phenomenon, often called “social comparison,” is particularly intense among young people who may feel pressure to project a perfect life online.
In addition to social comparison, the addictive nature of social media has also raised concerns. Studies indicate that social media platforms are designed to keep users engaged, often through features like notifications and infinite scrolling, which release dopamine—a chemical associated with pleasure—in the brain. This can lead to excessive use, interfering with daily routines, sleep patterns, and even face-to-face social interactions. On the positive side, social media has also been used as a platform to promote mental health awareness, offering support groups and resources that can benefit those struggling with mental health issues.
Ultimately, the effect of social media on mental health is complex. While it offers tools for connection and support, its design and impact on self-image pose potential risks. Experts recommend moderating social media use and practicing self-awareness to counteract its negative effects, suggesting a balanced approach as the best way to navigate this digital landscape.
6. According to the passage, what is one positive impact of social media?
(A) It prevents social comparison.
(B) It supports mental health awareness.
(C) It eliminates addictive features.
(D) It improves sleep patterns.
7. What is “social comparison” in the context of social media?
(A) Comparing one’s life to others’ idealized portrayals.
(B) Competing for more likes and followers.
(C) Building online friendships.
(D) Creating mental health resources.
8. How do notifications and infinite scrolling impact social media use?
(A) They help users manage their screen time.
(B) They release dopamine, encouraging continued use.
(C) They limit interactions between users.
(D) They decrease the addiction potential of social media.
9. Which of the following recommendations do experts give regarding social media use?
(A) Using multiple platforms simultaneously.
(B) Increasing usage for better mental health.
(C) Moderating use and being self-aware.
(D) Comparing oneself frequently to others.
10. Which of the following best represents the author’s view on social media?
(A) It should be avoided due to mental health risks.
(B) It’s beneficial without any adverse effects.
(C) It has both positive and negative mental health impacts.
(D) It is ineffective as a communication tool.
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a transformative effect across various sectors, from healthcare to finance. AI technology, driven by algorithms and machine learning, enables computers to analyze large sets of data, recognize patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. In healthcare, for example, AI is used to analyze medical images, aiding doctors in diagnosing diseases at early stages. AI algorithms can scan thousands of images in a fraction of the time it would take a human, potentially identifying patterns that might be missed otherwise. This has proven particularly valuable in fields like oncology, where early detection is critical for effective treatment.
Despite these advantages, AI also raises ethical concerns. In finance, for instance, algorithms make decisions about loan approvals and credit scores. Critics argue that AI can sometimes reproduce or even worsen biases present in the data it is trained on, potentially leading to discriminatory outcomes. If an AI system is trained on data reflecting existing biases against certain social groups, these biases can be inadvertently amplified. Another concern is job displacement; as AI systems take on tasks traditionally performed by humans, many fear that automation could lead to significant job losses, particularly in repetitive, data-intensive roles.
Balancing the benefits and risks of AI is an ongoing challenge. While AI holds enormous potential to improve efficiency and innovation, addressing its ethical implications is crucial to ensure fair and just applications. Transparent and responsible AI development, where biases are carefully managed, can help maximize the benefits while minimizing potential harms.
11. According to the passage, how is AI beneficial in healthcare?
(A) It replaces doctors in treatment decisions.
(B) It can diagnose diseases by analyzing medical images.
(C) It reduces the need for medical training.
(D) It slows down early disease detection.
12. What ethical concern is associated with AI in finance?
(A) It decreases efficiency in credit score calculation.
(B) It may perpetuate biases in loan and credit decisions.
(C) It increases human intervention in financial decisions.
(D) It limits access to financial data.
13. Why do some people worry about job displacement with AI?
(A) AI requires constant human supervision.
(B) AI might replace roles that involve repetitive data tasks.
(C) AI decreases data storage capacity.
(D) AI creates more job opportunities.
14. Which of the following best describes the author’s perspective on AI?
(A) AI should replace humans in all decision-making processes.
(B) AI has potential but requires ethical oversight.
(C) AI is a temporary technological trend.
(D) AI is harmful and should be restricted.
15. What is suggested as a way to address the ethical concerns associated with AI?
(A) Avoid using AI in critical sectors.
(B) Develop transparent and responsible AI systems.
(C) Remove all human involvement from AI processes.
(D) Focus solely on healthcare applications.
Climate change has become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century, with widespread consequences for both natural ecosystems and human societies. Scientists have observed that global temperatures are rising due to the increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which trap heat in the atmosphere. The primary sources of these emissions are human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels for energy, deforestation, and industrial processes. As temperatures rise, glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events—such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires—are becoming more frequent and intense.
The impact of climate change on biodiversity is profound. Many plant and animal species are struggling to adapt to rapidly changing temperatures and habitats, leading to shifts in ecosystems. For example, polar bears, which rely on sea ice for hunting, are finding it increasingly difficult to find food as the ice melts earlier each year. Similarly, coral reefs, which are sensitive to temperature changes, are experiencing bleaching events that threaten marine biodiversity. The loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystems, which can have a cascading effect on food security, water availability, and human health.
Mitigating climate change requires global cooperation and a shift towards sustainable practices. Efforts such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adopting renewable energy sources, and promoting conservation are essential to curb further damage. Many nations have committed to reducing emissions through international agreements, though challenges remain in meeting these ambitious goals. Achieving long-term sustainability will depend on collective action from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.
16. What is identified as the main cause of rising global temperatures?
(A) Natural fluctuations in weather patterns.
(B) Increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
(C) A reduction in industrial processes.
(D) A decrease in fossil fuel usage.
17. How does climate change affect polar bears, according to the passage?
(A) It provides more hunting grounds for them.
(B) It makes it harder for them to find food.
(C) It increases their population growth.
(D) It decreases their need for sea ice.
18. Which consequence of climate change is specifically mentioned in relation to marine biodiversity?
(A) The expansion of coral reefs.
(B) Bleaching events that threaten coral reefs.
(C) An increase in water temperature.
(D) Decrease in greenhouse gas levels.
19. What is required to effectively address climate change, according to the passage?
(A) Complete reliance on fossil fuels.
(B) Global cooperation and sustainable practices.
(C) Decreasing conservation efforts.
(D) More industrial production.
20. Which of the following best reflects the author’s tone regarding climate change?
(A) Optimistic about immediate solutions.
(B) Urgent, emphasizing the need for action.
(C) Neutral, observing scientific processes.
(D) Skeptical of international agreements.
The philosophy of Stoicism, originating in ancient Greece, has seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years. Founded by Zeno of Citium, Stoicism teaches individuals to focus on what they can control, accept what they cannot, and cultivate a mindset of resilience and tranquility. Central to Stoic philosophy is the belief that external events are neither inherently good nor bad; instead, it is one’s response to these events that determines their impact. This perspective encourages individuals to approach life’s challenges with calm and rationality, regardless of the outcome.
Stoicism places great emphasis on virtues such as wisdom, courage, and self-discipline. Practicing Stoicism involves assessing one’s judgments and reactions to external events, aiming to align them with these virtues. For example, if a person faces criticism, a Stoic would view it as an opportunity to exercise patience and self-reflection, rather than reacting defensively. Stoicism also advocates focusing on the present moment, reducing anxiety over future uncertainties and regrets about the past. In this way, it shares common ground with mindfulness practices, which emphasize awareness and acceptance of the present.
In modern times, Stoicism has been embraced by business leaders, athletes, and others seeking to navigate high-pressure environments. The philosophy’s emphasis on mental clarity and resilience can be particularly valuable in managing stress and decision-making. However, critics argue that Stoicism may encourage emotional suppression, which could be detrimental to mental health. Supporters, on the other hand, view it as a tool for emotional strength, allowing individuals to approach life’s challenges without being overwhelmed.
21. What is a core principle of Stoicism mentioned in the passage?
(A) Avoiding all external challenges.
(B) Focusing only on others’ judgments.
(C) Controlling one’s reactions to external events.
(D) Suppressing emotions in all situations.
22. How does Stoicism suggest one should handle criticism?
(A) By reacting defensively to protect self-esteem.
(B) By viewing it as a chance for self-reflection.
(C) By completely ignoring the feedback.
(D) By seeking validation from others.
23. What similarity does the author highlight between Stoicism and mindfulness practices?
(A) Both focus on the future and planning ahead.
(B) Both discourage any form of emotional expression.
(C) Both emphasize awareness of the present moment.
(D) Both are strictly ancient Greek philosophies.
24. According to the passage, what is a criticism of Stoicism?
(A) It fails to promote virtues like courage.
(B) It encourages too much emotional expression.
(C) It may lead to emotional suppression.
(D) It focuses excessively on external events.
25. Which of the following best captures the author’s tone toward Stoicism?
(A) Dismissive of its modern relevance.
(B) Balanced, acknowledging both benefits and criticisms.
(C) Highly critical of its teachings.
(D) Completely supportive without reservations.
Answers and Explanations
- (B) Creation of job opportunities in new sectors.
Explanation: The passage highlights renewable energy’s potential to create jobs in sectors like solar and wind energy installation and maintenance. - (B) Limited and costly energy storage options.
Explanation: The passage mentions that storing energy generated by renewables is a challenge due to limited and expensive battery storage. - (B) They believe it leads to job losses in coal and oil sectors.
Explanation: Critics are concerned that renewable energy may cause job losses in traditional sectors like coal and oil. - (C) Focusing on technological and job-training investments.
Explanation: The author suggests investing in technology and training for workers affected by the transition to renewable energy. - (B) It’s promising but requires consideration of its broader impact.
Explanation: The author views renewable energy as positive but emphasizes a need to address social and economic impacts. - (B) It supports mental health awareness.
Explanation: Social media is used to promote mental health awareness through support groups and resources. - (A) Comparing one’s life to others’ idealized portrayals.
Explanation: “Social comparison” in the passage refers to comparing oneself with others’ perfect-looking lives on social media. - (B) They release dopamine, encouraging continued use.
Explanation: Notifications and infinite scrolling release dopamine, which can lead to addictive social media use. - (C) Moderating use and being self-aware.
Explanation: Experts suggest a balanced approach by moderating social media use and practicing self-awareness. - (C) It has both positive and negative mental health impacts.
Explanation: The author acknowledges both benefits and risks associated with social media on mental health. - (B) It can diagnose diseases by analyzing medical images.
Explanation: The passage describes AI’s role in healthcare, particularly in analyzing medical images for early disease detection. - (B) It may perpetuate biases in loan and credit decisions.
Explanation: AI in finance may reinforce existing biases, potentially leading to unfair credit and loan decisions. - (B) AI might replace roles that involve repetitive data tasks.
Explanation: The concern is that AI could displace jobs, especially those involving repetitive tasks in data-heavy sectors. - (B) AI has potential but requires ethical oversight.
Explanation: The author supports AI but emphasizes the need for ethical consideration to manage its risks. - (B) Develop transparent and responsible AI systems.
Explanation: To address ethical concerns, the author suggests transparency and responsible AI development. - (B) Increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Explanation: The passage attributes rising temperatures primarily to greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. - (B) It makes it harder for them to find food.
Explanation: Polar bears struggle to find food due to melting sea ice caused by rising temperatures. - (B) Bleaching events that threaten coral reefs.
Explanation: Climate change causes coral bleaching, which endangers marine biodiversity. - (B) Global cooperation and sustainable practices.
Explanation: The passage highlights the need for global collaboration and sustainability to combat climate change effectively. - (B) Urgent, emphasizing the need for action.
Explanation: The author’s tone is urgent, stressing the necessity of addressing climate change promptly. - (C) Controlling one’s reactions to external events.
Explanation: A core Stoic principle is managing one’s response to events rather than the events themselves. - (B) By viewing it as a chance for self-reflection.
Explanation: Stoicism teaches using criticism as an opportunity for self-reflection rather than reacting defensively. - (C) Both emphasize awareness of the present moment.
Explanation: Stoicism and mindfulness share a focus on the present, helping to reduce stress about the past or future. - (C) It may lead to emotional suppression.
Explanation: Critics argue that Stoicism’s approach could lead to suppressing emotions, which might be harmful. - (B) Balanced, acknowledging both benefits and criticisms.
Explanation: The author presents a balanced view of Stoicism, recognizing its benefits and criticisms.
