PASSAGE
In recent years, climate change has emerged as one of the most significant global issues. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and increasingly frequent natural disasters serve as warnings of a looming environmental crisis. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists have warned that if immediate steps are not taken to curb emissions, the planet will cross a threshold where the damage becomes irreversible.
While efforts are being made through global treaties like the Paris Agreement, the responsibility to act lies not only with governments but also with individuals. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing consumption, and adopting sustainable practices are critical. Governments need to implement stricter policies to control industrial pollution, while individuals must make small but meaningful changes such as using energy-efficient appliances and cutting down on plastic usage. The fight against climate change requires global cooperation, as the effects are not confined to any single nation.
1. What is the central idea of the passage?
a) Individual efforts are enough to stop climate change.
b) Industrial activities do not contribute much to climate change.
c) Global cooperation is essential to combat climate change.
d) The Paris Agreement is sufficient to solve environmental problems.
2. According to the author, why is immediate action needed to address climate change?
a) Governments have already taken enough action.
b) The damage could become irreversible.
c) Renewable energy sources are depleting rapidly.
d) Scientists have stopped studying climate change.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a) Governments alone cannot solve the climate crisis.
b) Plastic pollution is unrelated to climate change.
c) All countries are equally responsible for climate change.
d) Climate change affects only industrial nations.
4. Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
a) Switching to renewable energy is unnecessary.
b) Individuals play a critical role in addressing climate change.
c) Climate change will solve itself over time.
d) Fossil fuels should be used until renewable energy is cheaper.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of climate change?
a) Fossil fuel consumption
b) Deforestation
c) Industrial pollution
d) Increased agricultural activity
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various industries by automating tasks that were previously carried out by humans. From healthcare and education to finance and transport, AI-powered systems enhance efficiency and reduce human error. However, the rise of AI also raises ethical concerns. Critics argue that excessive reliance on AI may lead to job losses and data privacy issues. Others worry that AI systems may exhibit biases, as they often learn from datasets that reflect existing social inequalities.
Governments and institutions are now working to create policies that regulate the use of AI responsibly. One approach is to introduce transparency, where AI developers disclose how their algorithms make decisions. Another is to ensure accountability, so that developers and companies are held responsible for any harm caused by AI systems. While the benefits of AI are undeniable, it is essential to address its challenges to ensure that technological progress aligns with societal values.
6. What is the primary focus of the passage?
a) How AI systems are being regulated globally
b) The impact and challenges of AI in various industries
c) AI’s role in eliminating all social inequalities
d) How AI can replace traditional education system
7. According to the passage, what is a significant concern regarding AI?
a) AI will make healthcare professionals redundant.
b) AI systems may reinforce societal biases.
c) AI technology is too expensive to implement.
d) AI will only benefit the transportation sector.
8. What solution does the author suggest to address the challenges posed by AI?
a) Limiting AI usage in certain industries
b) Replacing developers with automated coding systems
c) Making AI algorithms more transparent
d) Allowing only governments to use AI technology
9. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a) AI is inherently unbiased.
b) Ethical considerations are crucial for AI development.
c) Transparency will eliminate all AI-related problems.
d) AI has no impact on job opportunities.
10. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone?
a) Optimistic but cautious
b) Pessimistic and cynical
c) Sarcastic and dismissive
d) Ambivalent
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies and social systems across the world, forcing countries into lockdowns and reshaping the way people work. With offices shut, remote work became the new normal for many professionals. While some enjoyed the flexibility and comfort of working from home, others struggled with isolation and blurred boundaries between personal and professional life.
Companies also experienced mixed outcomes. Some saw increased productivity, as employees saved time on commutes, while others faced challenges in maintaining teamwork and communication. As economies reopen, businesses are exploring hybrid models, combining remote work with in-office hours. However, the long-term effects of this shift remain uncertain, and it will take time to assess whether remote work is sustainable or just a temporary solution.
11. What is the main idea of the passage?
a) The pandemic permanently eliminated in-office work.
b) Remote work has been equally beneficial for all professionals.
c) The pandemic caused significant changes in work culture.
d) Companies universally prefer remote work over office setups.
12. Which of the following is a benefit of remote work, according to the passage?
a) Easier enforcement of work discipline
b) Enhanced communication among employees
c) Savings on commuting time
d) Clear separation between personal and professional lives
13. What challenge did some employees face while working remotely?
a) Reduced working hours
b) Lack of internet access
c) Difficulty maintaining work-life balance
d) Increased travel requirements
14. What can be inferred from the passage about hybrid work models?
a) They are already proven to be the best approach.
b) Their success will depend on time and experimentation.
c) Companies are hesitant to try hybrid models.
d) Hybrid models completely eliminate the need for remote work.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards remote work?
a) Unconditionally supportive
b) Cautiously optimistic
c) Strongly critical
d) Dismissive
Democracy is a system of governance where power lies with the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It is often praised for promoting equality and protecting individual freedoms. However, democracy is not without flaws. Critics argue that it can lead to inefficiency, especially when decisions are delayed due to prolonged debates and disagreements among elected officials. Moreover, voter ignorance and misinformation can affect the quality of elected leaders and policies.
Despite these challenges, democracy remains one of the most widely accepted forms of government. It provides a mechanism for peaceful transfer of power and accountability. Reforms such as enhancing civic education and curbing fake news are essential to strengthen democratic systems and make them more effective.
16. What is the primary concern expressed about democracy?
a) It promotes authoritarianism.
b) It discourages individual freedoms.
c) It can be inefficient due to prolonged decision-making.
d) It eliminates political accountability.
17. According to the passage, what factor can negatively influence elections?
a) Economic downturns
b) Voter misinformation
c) High voter turnout
d) Lack of political parties
18. What reform does the author suggest to improve democracy?
a) Banning political debates
b) Increasing taxation
c) Promoting civic education
d) Reducing the number of elections
19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a) No system of governance is free from flaws.
b) Democracy will soon be replaced by better systems.
c) Voter ignorance has no impact on governance.
d) The author supports authoritarian rule.
20. What is the author’s overall stance on democracy?
a) Completely against it
b) Critical yet supportive
c) Indifferent
d) Unquestionably in favor
The internet has revolutionized the way people access information and connect with each other. Social media platforms, in particular, have become powerful tools for communication, activism, and entertainment. However, they also pose significant risks, such as the spread of misinformation, invasion of privacy, and cyberbullying. Governments and tech companies are grappling with how to regulate these platforms without infringing on freedom of expression.
Users also play a crucial role in making social media spaces healthier. Developing digital literacy, verifying information before sharing, and reporting harmful content are steps individuals can take. Balancing the benefits of social media with its risks is essential to ensure it remains a force for good in society.
21. What is the primary theme of the passage?
a) The dangers of excessive internet use
b) The role of governments in controlling the internet
c) The dual nature of social media platforms
d) How social media platforms make money
22. According to the passage, what is a major concern about social media?
a) It is becoming less popular.
b) It leads to higher advertising costs.
c) It spreads misinformation.
d) It only benefits governments.
23. What role do individuals play in improving social media spaces?
a) Encouraging anonymity online
b) Verifying information before sharing
c) Avoiding all social media platforms
d) Promoting unregulated content
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a) Social media’s benefits outweigh its risks.
b) Regulating social media is a simple task.
c) Users have no influence over social media platforms.
d) Digital literacy is important for responsible use.
25. What is the author’s attitude towards social media?
a) Unconditionally supportive
b) Critical and dismissive
c) Balanced and pragmatic
d) Indifferent
Answer Key and Explanations
1. c– Global cooperation is essential to combat climate change.
Explanation:
(c) is correct because the passage emphasizes the need for countries to work together to fight climate change.
(a) is incorrect as individual efforts alone are insufficient.
(b) is incorrect since the passage highlights industrial activities as a major contributor.
(d) is wrong because the Paris Agreement alone cannot solve the problem.
2. b – The damage could become irreversible.
Explanation:
(b) is correct since the passage warns that without action, the damage caused by climate change will become irreversible.
(a) is incorrect as the passage implies governments need to do more.
(c) is irrelevant; renewable energy is mentioned as a solution, not a depleting resource.
(d) is wrong since scientists are actively studying climate change.
3. a – Governments alone cannot solve the climate crisis.
Explanation:
(a) is correct because the passage calls for both individual and governmental actions.
(b) is incorrect; while plastic is an issue, it is linked to individual habits, not isolated from climate change.
(c) is wrong as the passage does not imply that all countries are equally responsible.
(d) is incorrect since the effects of climate change are not limited to industrial nations.
4. b – Individuals play a critical role in addressing climate change.
Explanation:
(b) is correct as the passage emphasizes the importance of individual actions.
(a) and (c) are incorrect because the author promotes active intervention.
(d) is wrong as the passage promotes renewable energy now, not later.
5. d – Increased agricultural activity is not mentioned.
Explanation:
(d) is correct since agriculture is not discussed as a cause of climate change.
(a), (b), and (c) are all mentioned as contributing factors.
6. b – The impact and challenges of AI in various industries.
Explanation:
(b) is correct as the passage focuses on both the benefits and challenges of AI.
(a) is wrong since regulation is discussed briefly but not the main focus.
(c) is incorrect since AI alone cannot eliminate social inequalities.
(d) is irrelevant; education is just one of many sectors affected by AI.
7. b – AI systems may reinforce societal biases.
Explanation:
(b) is correct as the passage mentions that AI systems reflect social biases in datasets.
(a) is incorrect since the passage does not say AI will entirely replace healthcare workers.
(c) is irrelevant; there’s no mention of AI being too expensive.
(d) is incorrect as AI’s impact extends beyond transport.
8. c – Making AI algorithms more transparent.
Explanation:
(c) is correct because transparency is presented as a key solution.
(a) is wrong; limiting AI use is not suggested.
(b) is incorrect since the passage does not propose replacing developers.
(d) is wrong; the author encourages responsible use, not exclusive governmental control.
9. b – Ethical considerations are crucial for AI development.
Explanation:
(b) is correct since the passage emphasizes transparency and accountability.
(a) is incorrect because AI is not inherently unbiased.
(c) is wrong as transparency alone cannot solve all issues.
(d) is incorrect since job losses are noted as a concern.
10. a– Optimistic but cautious.
Explanation:
(a) is correct as the passage acknowledges AI’s benefits while addressing concerns.
(b) is wrong since the tone is not entirely negative.
(c) is incorrect as the tone is not sarcastic.
(d) is wrong since the author provides a balanced view.
11. c – The pandemic caused significant changes in work culture.
Explanation:
(c) is correct as the passage describes the impact of the pandemic on work.
(a) is incorrect since office work has not been permanently eliminated.
(b) is wrong as not everyone benefited equally from remote work.
(d) is incorrect as companies have mixed preferences.
12. c– Savings on commuting time.
Explanation:
(c) is correct since employees saved time by not commuting.
(a), (b), and (d) are incorrect as these challenges persisted during remote work.
13. c – Difficulty maintaining work-life balance.
Explanation:
(c) is correct; the passage mentions blurred boundaries as a challenge.
(a) and (b) are irrelevant.
(d) is incorrect as remote work reduced travel requirements.
14. b – Their success will depend on time and experimentation.
Explanation:
(b) is correct since the passage suggests hybrid models are still being explored.
(a) and (c) are incorrect; the models are not yet proven or rejected.
(d) is wrong as hybrid models still include remote work.
15. b – Cautiously optimistic.
Explanation:
(b) is correct as the author highlights both benefits and challenges.
(a), (c), and (d) do not reflect the nuanced view expressed.
16. c– It can be inefficient due to prolonged decision-making.
Explanation:
(c) is correct as the passage mentions inefficiency in democracy.
(a), (b), and (d) are incorrect as they are not concerns discussed.
17. b– Voter misinformation.
Explanation:
(b) is correct; the passage highlights misinformation as a problem.
(a), (c), and (d) are not mentioned as relevant factors.
18. c – Promoting civic education.
Explanation:
(c) is correct as the passage calls for better civic education.
(a), (b), and (d) are not mentioned as suggested reforms.
19. a – No system of governance is free from flaws.
Explanation:
(a) is correct since the passage discusses both strengths and flaws of democracy.
(b), (c), and (d) are incorrect as they are not implied.
20. b– Critical yet supportive.
Explanation:
(b) is correct as the author acknowledges democracy’s flaws while supporting reforms.
(a), (c), and (d) do not capture the tone of the passage.
21. c – The dual nature of social media platforms.
Explanation:
(c) is correct since the passage discusses both the benefits and risks of social media.
(a), (b), and (d) do not reflect the main theme.
22. c– It spreads misinformation.
Explanation:
(c) is correct as the passage highlights misinformation as a key issue.
(a), (b), and (d) are irrelevant.
23. b- Verifying information before sharing.
Explanation:
(b) is correct; the passage emphasizes the importance of responsible user behavior.
(a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
24. d– Digital literacy is important for responsible use.
Explanation:
(d) is correct since the passage stresses digital literacy.
(a), (b), and (c) are not supported.
25. c – Balanced and pragmatic.
Explanation:
(c) is correct as the author presents both the positives and negatives of social media.
(a), (b), and (d) do not reflect the tone accurately.
